When it comes to making everyday purchases at the grocery store, it can be confusing to sort through all of the different labels that cover the packing of our products. According to a recent article by Joshua Sanders, there are more than 300 ecolabels for products and that number is growing annually. Too many product labels can cause confusion for consumers as understanding what each label means can be overwhelming. Is it more sustainable to purchase the USDA Certified Organic pasta or the Fair Trade Certified coffee? Which is the better certification to have? What is the better label to trust?
Defining a green building can be a difficult task. Many people look for a green building certification to tell them how sustainable a building is. However the availability of too many building certifications, just like too many product labels, may make it more difficult, rather than easier, for consumers to evaluate which building is more sustainable.
The United States Green Building’s (USGBC) Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design (LEED) is a series of rating systems for new and existing buildings and the most recognized building certification system in the U.S. There are several different LEED rating systems, including New Construction (NC), Existing Building Operation & Maintenance (EB O&M), Homes, Core & Shell (CS), and Commercial Interiors (CI). Each rating system has different sustainability categories which contain prerequisites, which a building must meet and credits that if a building meets enough of is eligible for certification. Having different categories in the rating system, allows building owners to choose which aspects of sustainability they wish to pursue for their building. The result of this is that LEED Buildings can greatly differ in how they are sustainable relative to one another.
All of these rating systems cover the construction or major renovation of a building, with the exception of EB O&M, which looks at the ongoing performance and operation of a building. EB O&M looks at a buildings ongoing energy and water consumption, ongoing purchases, equipment in place, cleaning practices, and operation and maintenance procedures. The other rating systems look at the how sustainably a building was designed and constructed (or in the case of CI, furnished).
Like most building certification systems, energy consumption is part of the rating systems. However, LEED rating systems are not based solely on the energy efficiency of a building, rather the overall sustainability of the building is taken into account. For example, to achieve New Construction Certification, a building can not only be designed to be energy efficient; the environmental impact of the construction of the building must also be taken into account. Under the LEED rating systems, how the building impacts the building occupants is taken into account. Points are given for buildings that have high fresh air ventilation rates and that use green, non toxic cleaners.
A LEED certification is not a guarantee that a building is energy or water efficient. It is a label that says a building overall is sustainable, but it does not tell you why it is sustainable, you need to look into the credits the building earned to find out more.
The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Energy Star Label is given to buildings that perform better than 75% of similar buildings based solely on their energy consumption. A minimum of one year’s worth of energy consumption is inputted into the Energy Star’s Portfolio Manager along with basic building information, such as number of employees, number of computers, and building age, size and location. The Portfolio Manger then compares that buildings energy consumption to similar buildings in a database. The building is then given a score between 1 and 100 which is the percentage of similar buildings the building is performing better than. A score of 60 means that a building is consuming less energy than 60% of similar buildings. In order to receive the Energy Star Label, a building must have a score of 75 or higher. A building must be re-certified every year. A current Energy Star Label is a sign that a building is energy efficient, but does not guarantee that overall the building is sustainable.
Like LEED, Green Globes is a rating system that evaluates the overall sustainability of a building. It has many of the same sustainable categories as LEED, such as energy, water, site, and indoor environment, and can also be applied to New Construction and Existing Buildings. Unlike LEED’s 100 point system, the Green Globes rating system is based on an a 1,000 credits For a building to achieve certification, it must meet a minimum of 35% of these credits. The Green Globes system awards buildings a rating of one to four globes, based on the number of credits it achieves. Green Globes Certification is only given to an entire building, unlike LEED’s CI and CS ratings. Green Globes is a sign of a overall sustainable building, but is not as widely recognized in the United States as LEED is.
Other countries have similar overall sustainable building rating systems that are as popular as LEED. In the UK, BRE Environmental Assessment Model (BREEAM) is a rating is very similar to LEED and Green Globes. In France, High Quality Evironmental (HQE) is very similar to BREEAM. In 2003, the Green Building Council of Australia created Green Star, which is also very similar to LEED.
As the building sector becomes more focused on sustainability and energy efficiency, more building certification systems and labels will likely emerge. It is important that we recognize that what these labels and certifications actually mean and that if a building is certified, it is not necessarily a guarantee that it is energy efficient or sustainable.
Recent Comments